松辽流域湿地生态水文结构与需水分析

Analysis on ecological water demand and eco-hydrological configuration of wetlands in Songliao Basin

以我国重要湿地生态区——松辽流域为对象,对其主要湿地的生态水文结构及生态需水进行分析计算。通过分析湿地水面面积变化与水文连接度的关系确定湿地中心区;通过分析保持生物完整性的生物场最小范围确定适宜活动区。通过典型研究与对水文地区规律分析,建立无资料地区生态水文结构分析计算经验公式。以湿地生态水文结构(中心区、适宜活动区)为边界条件,进行地表地下水转化的水量平衡模型分析,获得湿地生态需水。经过大量分析研究论证,总体而言,松辽流域湿地中心区水深占湿地多年平均水深接近2/3,中心区面积占湿地多年平均水面面积40%左右,这对控制湿地萎缩及湿地安全管理是一个重要指标。通过松辽流域湿地近几年的补水实践分析,发现计算结果基本合理,研究成果可为湿地的规划管理和安全保障提供科学依据。

The paper analyzes the eco-hydrological configuration of main wetlands in the important wetland ecological region Songiiao Basin, and calculates their ecological water demands. The center area of wetland is identified by analyzing the relationship between diminishing ratio of the area and degree of hydrological connectivity; the appropriate activity area of wetland is identified by analyzing the minimum wetland scale to keep the integrality of species. The calculating empirical formula of eco-hydrological configuration in the region without data is built based on the prototype study and analysis of the rules in hydrological area. According to wetland eco-hydrological configuration （ center area,appropriate activity area）, the water balance model of transformation between surface water and ground water is set up and used to calculate the wetland ecological water demand. The results indicate： in Songliao Basin, the water level of center area accounts for about two-thirds of multi-year mean water level of wetland, its area covers about 40% of multi-year mean area of water surface. This is a very important indicator to prevent shrinkage and protect the ecological security of wetlands. Compared with the actual supplement water for Xianghai and Zhalong wetlands during recent years, the results are very close to the real ones. Therefore, this research result can be used as an instructive scientific basis for the planning, management and security of Songliao Basin wetlands.