评第二国际让·饶勒斯对马克思主义的修正

On the Revision of Marxism of Jean Jaurès,the Famous Leader of the Second International

在第二国际理论家那里,存在着两种形式对马克思主义的修正与否定:其一是以伯恩斯坦为代表,他公开地亮出自己的修正主义观点,并明言自己的观点是与马克思相违背的,为了推崇自己的观点,不惜对马克思的理论大肆鞭挞;其二是以让·饶勒斯等人为代表,他在提出自己的修正主义观点时竭力曲解马克思的理论,努力把自己的修正主义观点说成是符合马克思的理论的,他把宣扬自己的修正主义观点与歪曲马克思的理论紧紧地结合在一起。本文着重评述了后一种,即让·饶勒斯对马克思主义的修正与否定。另外,本文剖析了让·饶勒斯早期的两个理论观点,即力主把唯物史观与唯心史观结合起来,强调唯物史观并不妨碍对历史作唯心的解释,以及强调社会主义思想来源是多元的,除了发端于马克思主义之外,还起源于费希特、康德和黑格尔的唯心主义。与此同时,本文还探讨了让·饶勒斯所提出的社会主义的两大基本原则,即社会主义与自由紧密相连和社会主义不单纯是依靠阶级斗争得来的。

There are two kinds of revision and negation of Marxism among the theorists of the Second International. The first takes Bernstein as the representative. He openly expressed his theory of revisionism and said that he was against Marx. He lashed Marx＇s theory violently in order to air his own idea. The second takes Jean Jaures as the representative. While he brought up his own revisionism, Jean Jaures tried to distort Marx＇s theory and said that his revisionism conforms to Marx＇s theory. In other words, Jean Jaures bound his revisionism to distort Marx＇s theory firmly. This paper emphasizes the second one, Jean Jaures＇ revision and negation of Marxism. Besides, it analyzes Jean Jaures＇ two ideas in his early time. The first idea believes historical materialism will not obstruct people in explaining history idealistically while we combine historical materialism with historical idealism. The second one focuses on plurality of Socialism＇s sources which includes Fichte, Kant and Hegel＇s idealism besides Marxism. At the same time, it discusses Jean Jaures＇ theory of Socialism＇ two fundamental principles, Socialism should be united with freedom tightly and it will not be realized only by class struggle.