几种芸薹属蔬菜的核型分析与比较

Karyotype analysis and comparison of Brassica vegetables

对大白菜、菜薹、结球甘蓝、芥蓝、花椰菜和四倍体菜薹与二倍体芥蓝种间杂种的核型进行了比较分析,旨在为研究其亲缘关系及品种鉴定提供细胞学依据。结果表明:四倍体菜薹与二倍体芥蓝的种间杂种包含2个菜薹的染色体组(AA)和1个芥蓝的染色体组(C),为异源三倍体(AAC)。结球甘蓝、芥蓝和花椰菜的染色体的平均相对长度基本相同,大于大白菜和菜薹,但变异系数小于大白菜和菜薹。大白菜和菜薹的核型类型属2B型,而结球甘蓝的属3A型,芥蓝和花椰菜的属2A型。

The karyotype analysis and comparison of Chinese cabbage, Cabbage, Cauliflower, False pakchoi, Kailan and an interspeeies hybrid between tetraploid False pakchoi and diploid Kailan were conducted in this paper. The results showed that the interspecies hybrid, including 2 genomes （AA） of False pakchoi and 1 genome （C） of Kailan, was a real allo-triploid （AAC）. The average chromosome relative length of Cabbage, Cauliflower or Kailan was longer than that of Chinese cabbage or False pakchoi. However, the variance coefficient of the relative length of the Chinese cabbage or False pakchoi was bigger than Cabbage, Cauliflower or Kailan. The karyotype of Chinese cabbage and False pakchoi belong to 2B type, Cauliflower and Kailan 2A type, and Cabbage 3A type.