应用比较基因组杂交技术分析肺癌染色体异常

Chromosomal analysis of lung cancer by comparative genomic hybridization

背景与目的:肺癌的发生是一个多基因、多阶段、多步骤的复杂生物学过程。研究肿瘤发生发展过程中的基因异常改变是肿瘤发生机制研究的一个热点。本研究应用比较基因组杂交技术分析肺癌的染色体异常,探讨染色体异常与肺癌不同病理类型和临床特征之间的关系。方法:收集胸外科2005年10月—2006年9月手术切除的新鲜肺癌标本30例,其中小细胞肺癌、腺癌和鳞癌各10例,应用比较基因组杂交技术(CGH)分析患者肺癌组织中全基因组的变化。结果:30例肺癌标本中CGH都发现有染色体异常改变,不同病理类型肺癌在1p11-p22、5p11-p14、16p11-p12、19q13、19p13、20p12和21q21等区域均有高频的扩增,在5q、6p24-pter、9p31-qter、13q21-qter和14q21-qter等区域均有高频缺失。同时不同病理类型肺癌的染色体异常表现也有一定区别。结论:遗传物质的异常改变在肺癌细胞中普遍存在,遗传物质异常是肺癌发生和发展的基础。不同病理类型肺癌在一些染色体区域的异常有所不同,这可以为三者的鉴别诊断提供一种遗传学标志。随着恶性肿瘤病程的进展,染色体畸变的复杂性也明显的提高。不同的致癌因素(如吸烟)可导致不同的染色体异常。

Background and purpose： Lung cancer is thought to be caused by multiple-step carcinogenesis. Identification of the genetic alterations that occur in tumors is an important approach to understanding carcinogenesis. We identified chromosomal abnormality in lung cancer by the molecular cytogenetic techniques of comparative genomic hybridisation （CGH）, the technology could help to comprehend the relationship between chromosome abnormality, different patho-types, and clinical features of lung cancer. Methods： CGH was used to detect the global genomic aberration in the fresh cancer tissue cells from 30 patients with lung cancer. Results： Chromosomal abnormality were detected in all of 30 cases with lung cancer, the altoffequent gains in 1 p 11-p22, 5p 11-p 14, 16p 11-P 12, 19q 13, 19p13, 20p12, 21q21 and the altofrequent losses in 5q, 6p24-pter, 9p31-qter, 13q21-qter, 14q21-qter were found in all three types of lung cancer, the marked differences of chromosomal abnormalities in three types of lung cancer were also found. Conelusions： The cytogenetic aberration exists generally in lung cancer cells, the cytogenetic aberration is the base of the initiation and progression of the lung cancer. There are some different chromosomal abnormalities between different types of lung cancer, which may serve as a marker to differential diagnosos of the three types of lung cancer. As to the progression of malignant neoplastic disease, the complexity of chromosomal abnormality is obviously elevated. Different carcinogenic agents（smoking for example） may induce different chromosomal abnormalities.