花样滑冰规则的演变历程与发展趋势

Evolvement and Development of Figure Skating Rules

花样滑冰规则直接影响花样滑冰的技术规格与要求，它的变化制约着花样滑冰技术的发展方向及其训练。采用文献资料法和理论分析法对花样滑冰规则的演变历程及其发展趋势进行探究，结论认为花样滑冰规则的形成和发展大体分为1897～1901年发展形成阶段，1901～2002年6分制规则逐步完善阶段和2002年以后的新规则阶段。而国际花样滑冰新规则有利于全面、稳定型选手，不利于技术片面、起伏较大的选手；新规则使年轻选手爆冷的几率增大而且评判更为客观；新规则限制了创新和选手自由发挥的空间；新规则鼓励运动员在后半段完成高难度跳跃，我国选手处于较不利地位。

The technical standard and demand of figure skating is directly affected by the figure skating rules which change will restrict the development direction and training of figure skating technique. With the methods of documentary information and theoretic analysis, the article discusses the evolvement and development of figure skating rules. It thinks that the history may be divided into three phases on the whole： development from 1897 to 1901 year, gradual perfection phase of 6 - score system rules from 1901 to 2002 year, new rules phase since 2002 year. The new international figure skating rules is propitious to all- sided and stable players but not one -sided and unstable players; increases the chance of young player＇s surprising performance and is more objective ; restricts the room of players＇new and free playing; encourages the players to perform high difficult jump in last portion, which brings Chinese players at a disadvantage.