水稻超高产育种理论与方法的辩证分析

The Dialectic Study on Theory and Method for Super High-Yielding Rice Breeding

综述了水稻超高产育种的研究现状,并对水稻超高产育种的理论和方法进行了辩证的分析,阐述了超高产新株型创制、水稻杂种优势利用等水稻超高产育种的实践探索,提出未来水稻超高产育种研究的方向。冠层结构、光合作用、物质积累、分配与调运的综合作用是作物产量形成的基础,充分利用遗传资源和高光效育种以及传统育种和生物技术相结合,协调生物产量与收获指数的关系,协调穗数、穗粒数与粒重的关系,建立合理的产量结构,理想株型与杂种优势利用相结合,实现超高产育种。生态设计育种和分子育种是未来超高产育种的研究方向。

The current status of super high-yielding breeding in rice was reviewed and theory and method for super high-yielding rice breeding were analyzed dialectically. The direction for the future super high-yielding rice breeding was pointed out based on the practical exploration, such as new plant type creation and heterosis utilization for super high yield. The integrated effect of canopy structure, photosynthesis, matter accumulation, distribution and transportation was the foundation for yield formation. The effective approaches to realize super high-yielding breeding are taking advantage of genetic resources and high photosynthetic efficiency breeding, combining conventional breeding technique and biotechnique, coordinating the relationships between biomass and harvest index and among panicle numbers, grains per panicle and grain weight, establishing reasonable yield structure and integrating ideal plant type and heterosis. Ecological design breeding and molecular breeding are the future research direction.