马克思与熊彼特的经济周期理论的比较研究

A Comparison of Marx's Economic Cycle Theory and Schumpeter's Economic Cycle Theory

马克思认为,资本主义经济爆发生产过剩的危机的根源在于资本主义基本矛盾。周期爆发的经济危机,一方面,使资本主义再生产具有周期性,一个完整的资本主义再生产周期包括危机、萧条、复苏和高涨四个阶段;另一方面,表明了资本主义生产关系的落后性和被社会主义生产关系替代的必然性。熊彼特认为,创新不仅是社会经济发展的动力,也是经济周期的根源。不断产生的创新的第一次浪潮以及由第一次浪潮引起的第二次浪潮,形成了资本主义再生产周期。尽管马克思与熊彼特都认为,资本主义经济具有波动性,但他们在对经济周期的原因、机制、结果等问题的阐释上,存在许多不同点。比较马克思与熊彼特的经济周期理论,对于我国制定与实施适当的宏观经济政策调控经济,促进我国经济的可持续发展,具有重要的指导意义。

Karl Marx thought the source with crisis of the over-production of the capitalism explosion lies in the basic contradictions of capitalism. The economic crisis of periodical explosion means the capitalism reproduction has periodicity including four stages： crisis, depress, recovery and upsurge and on the other hand it also indicates the inevitability that the capitalist relations of production falls behind and will be replaced by the socialist relations of production. Joseph Alois Schumpeter thought the innovation is not only the motive of the social economic development but also the source of economic period. The first-time wave tide that constantly produces innovations and the second-time wave tide caused by the former one became a capitalist reproduction period. Though both Marx and Schumpeter think the capitalist economy has fluctuations, they have different explanations for the reason, mechanism of the economic period and the result. Comparing Marx＇s economic period theories with Schumpeter＇s, it has the instructive meaning for our country＇s establishment and implementation of the appropriate macroeconomic policies to adjust the economy, promoting the sustainable development of our economy.