电工用铜线的性能和提高铜线质量的对策

Properties of the Electrical Copper Conductors and Method to Improve the Quality of the Copper Conductors

2006年我国的铜导体用量已达到354万t,其中电磁线用铜已接近100万t,约占整个电线电缆行业用铜总量的28%,在电缆行业中,对铜线质量要求最高的也是铜电磁线,特别是微细和超微细漆包线,而且还有柔软性的特殊要求。影响铜线质量的链是很长的,从原材料铜的冶炼、制杆、制线、退火(包括拉线退火和漆包退火);合理选材、按铜杆质量分等使用;加强铜杆进出厂检验、铜线生产过程中间检验、采用特殊的可退火性检验方法,以及制订电线电缆行业的铜杆标准和采购规范等都是提高铜线质量的有效对策。

The consumption of copper conductors by the Chinese Cable Industry in 2006 amounted to 3.54 m tons, of which the consumption by magnet wires amounted to near 1 million tons, taking 28% of the Cable Industry total. In the Cable Industry, the product having the highest requirement for the quality of copper conductors is magnet wires, especially fine and super-fine enamel wires, which have also the special requirement for flexibility. A long chain of factors are responsible for the copper conductor quality, from copper smelting, rod making, wire drawing to annealing （ including drawing annealing and enameling annealing）. The following counter-measures proved to be effective in improving the copper conductor quality： appropriate selection of raw material copper, classification of copper rods according to quality, enhancement of in-comlng and delivery inspections as well as in-process inspection of copper rods, use of special method for testing the capability of annealing and preparation of Industry standard about copper rods and specification for procurement of copper rods.