土壤水盐运移模型研究进展

Progress in the Study of Models for Water and Salinity Transport in Soils

土壤盐渍化是影响全球农业生产的重要因素之一,研究土壤中水盐运移过程并对其进行精确模拟对于监测、评价、治理干旱、半干旱区土壤盐渍化具有重要意义.介绍了国内外目前应用较为广泛的几种水盐运移模型,包括对流-弥散模型(CDE模型)、流管模型(STM模型)和美国国家盐渍土改良中心开发的HYDRUS模型等3种物理模型以及相关的模型参数研究;两种系统模型:传递函数模型(TFM模型)和BP人工神经网络模型.对相关模型的原理、异同点、优缺点、适用性及应用状况进行了对比分析,并指出目前模型在发展和应用上存在的问题,同时对未来模型发展趋势作了预测.

Salinization of soil is one of the factors that impact the agriculture development in the world, so it is of great importance for monitoring, evaluating and treating the salinization of soil in arid and semi-arid regions to research the mechanism of water-salt movement in soil and to simulate its process accurately. In this paper, two types of transport models widely used for water and salinity in soils are introduced; one is physical models, which include convection-dispersion Equation （CDE）, stream tube model （STM） and HYDRUS developed by US Salinity Laboratory. At the same time, the parameter research is related to physical models. Another is system models, such as Transfer Function Model （TFM） and BP-Network model. The resemblances and the differences among these modeling are compared and analyzed. The excellences and drawbacks of the modeling and the applicability and the application situation are also analyzed and compared. In the last, some questions about the development and applications of these modeling are pointed out, and an outlook for their development in the future is provided.