腐植酸对设施土壤的养分、盐分及番茄产量和品质的影响研究

Effects of Humic Acid on Soil Nutrients and Salts,and on Yield and Quality of Tomato in Greenhouse

试验选择具有10年棚龄的北方大棚,在不同施肥条件下,分别对土壤养分、盐分及番茄产量和品质等进行了研究,具体对因处理不同而引起的土壤养分与水溶性盐分含量、盐基离子组成的变化以及番茄的维生素C(Vc)含量和含糖量等进行了分析。结果表明,腐植酸含有多种物质,它的施用可以提高土壤有机质含量,并且能增加土壤速效态P、K的含量,降低土壤电导率。施用复混肥的土壤电导率增加3.7%,而施用腐植酸可以使土壤电导率降低10.4%。土壤盐基离子含量的增加,主要是由水溶性NH4+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量的增加引起的。腐植酸由于含有各种官能团,可以有效抑制土壤中水溶性K+、Ca2+、Mg2+等盐基离子的增加,进而降低土壤的电导率。腐植酸对番茄的产量和品质也都有显著的影响,能使番茄增产36.5%,并明显提高番茄的Vc含量和含糖量。

The effects of fertilization on soil nutrients, salts, and on yield and quality of tomato were studied in a tenyear old north plastic greenhouse. The soil nutrient which and the water-soluble salt, the salt base ion composition＇s change and tomato＇s Vc content and sugar content causes to different processing have carried on the analysis, mainly. The results indicated that applying humic acid（HA） could increase the contents of soil organic matter, available P and K, while decrease soil electric conductivity（EC）.The EC value in treatment with applied compound fertilizer was increased by 3.7%, and that in treatment with applied HA was decreased by 1044%. The increase of soil salt content was mainly due to the increase of water soluble NH4＋, K^＋,Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋. Various＂ functional groupsin＂ HA could adsorb K^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋,so as to decrease soil EC value. The effects of HA on yield and quality of tomato were also significant. Compared to the treatment applied compound fertilizer, tomato yield applied HA was increased by 36.5%, and the content of Vc and sugar were also enhanced.