云南和顺地景中的国家象征民间化过程

The Process of Localization of National Symbol in Landscape of Heshun Yunnan

文章主要从地景的观点去分析文化与商业在一个云南侨乡的脉络中互动后的现象。"诠释地景"在该地方文化中扮演突出的角色,透过"说"地景,让地景用来平衡地方自治与国家控制之间的张力。和顺的地景实践主要环绕在汉式建筑的建盖与风水的使用上,文章暂不讨论风水,而聚焦在该地方人"说"(谈论、诠释)地景的过程。这一过程让和顺商人,得以借用地景上的儒家象征,作为商业竞争时所用的客观参照体系。简言之,地景成为一个将财富与声望互相转换的机制,透过这一转换机制,让和顺地区儒家文化的实践因小区内部自主性的财富竞争而被加强;而财富竞争,也因为有能力实践儒家文化而激烈。这使得儒与商两者,以一种非常具地方特色的方式相辅相成。

This study analyzes the interactive phenonema of culture and business in a oversea Chinese hometown in Yunnan from a landscape perspective. Interpreting landscape plays very important role in local culture. Through interpretation of landscape, it is used to balance between local autonomy and national control forces. The practice of Heshun＇s landscape is mainly around the architecture style of Han dynasty and the use of geomantic omen. This study does not focus on geomantic omen, instead, it focuses on the process of interpreting the landscape of local people. Through this process, local people would have borrowed the confucian symbol of landscape as a practical referring system and as a competitive advantage in business competition. In short, landscape is used as a mechanism of transaction of wealth and reputation. Through this mechanism, the confucian culture practices in Heshun area have been enforced due to internal autonomous wealth competition in this area. And wealth competition is more fierce because of the practices of confucian culture. This enable the confucian and business become inter-dependent entities which has very special local characteristics.