不同水系绒螯蟹线粒体DNA的遗传差异和群体遗传多样性研究

Genetic Differences and Diversity of Mitten Crabs Eriocheir from Different Rivers based on mtDNA Analysis

对中国大陆6水系10个地区中华绒鳌蟹和合浦绒螯蟹自然群体及1个俄罗斯地区日本绒鳌蟹群体中共289个个体的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ进行了RFLP分析。选用8种能识别4碱基的限制性内切酶AluⅠ，DpnⅡ，HaeⅢ，MspⅠ，MseⅠ，RsaⅠ，TaqⅠ和TasⅠ及3种能识别6碱基的限制性内切酶ApaⅠ，NdeⅠ和VspⅠ对该基因片段酶切后，在11个群体中共检测到15种复合单倍型，其中复合单倍型1为除合浦绒鳌蟹以外的群体所共有，并均以该复合单倍型为主（46．4％～96．7％），复合单倍型4在合浦绒鳌蟹群体中占有很大比例（91．7％）；合浦绒螯蟹与中华绒螯蟹北方水系（黄河、海河、辽河）的遗传差异最为明显（Pnet=0．060～0．061）；不同水系中华绒螯蟹及合浦绒螯蟹、日本绒螯蟹具有一定的群体内遗传多态性（π=0．0002～0．0167），但并不高。

The genetic differences and diversity of mitten crab populations from 6 river systems in China's Mainland, 1 population from Russia were studied based on RFLP analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit [（COⅠ） gene of 289 individual mitten crabs. The results showed that 15 composite haplotypes were detected among 11 populations after 11 restriction endonucleases （ 8 recognizing 4 base pairs and 3 recognizing 6 base pairs） digestion, while haplotype 1 was shared by all the samples except Eriocheir hepuensis and had high percentage （46.4 % - 96.7 % ）, Eriocheir hepuensis was mainly composed of haplotype 4（91.7 % ）and had distinct genetic differences compared with Eriocheir sinensis from Yellow River, Haihe and Liaohe （ Pnet= 0. 060 -- 0.061 ） ; Genetic diversity of intrapopulation existed in Eriocheir sinensis of 6 River systems, Eriocheir hepuensis and Eriocheir japonica （π = 0. 000 2 - 0.016 7）.