美国大学通识教育检评及启示

Evaluation for General Education in American University and Enlightenment

美国大学的通识教育已经走过了90年的历程,经历了被忽视、被强调、与专业教育并重、灵活多样并肩负更大责任的一个曲折过程。美国大学通识教育产生了各种模式,如经史结合模式、领域均衡模式、文化多元模式和课程变革模式等。通过对美国大学通识教育的检评,我国高校在实施通识教育过程中可以获得一些有益启示:打破学科壁垒,重订培养"统整人格"的本科目标;发掘中华民族文化精粹,建构通识教育课程;组建专门委员会,负责通识教育的研究和管理;提高教师素质,改进教学和评价方法等。

The general education in American universities has gone through a 90-year-old stage of being disregarded, being emphasized, attaching equal important to speciabities, flexibility and diversity and more responsibility. General education in American universities have various sorts of model, such as combination between classical works and history, balance of realm, multi-culture, change of curriculums, etc. From evaluation for general education in American university, Chinese universities can get some enlightenment on enforcing general education. Efforts should be devoted to breaking the defences of subjects and redrawing up the goal of undergraduate courses. Moreover, efforts need to be made to unearth the essence of Chinese culture for building the curriculums of general education. Special committee for managing general education is to be Set up, thereby raising the teachers＇ quality and improving the method on teaching and evaluation.