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甲藻塔玛亚历山大藻昼夜垂直迁移特性的研究 被引量:12

LABORATORY STUDY ON THE DIURNAL VERTICAL MIGRATION OF A POISONOUS RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE ALEXANDRIUM TAMARENSE
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摘要 分离于香港海域的塔玛亚历山大藻单克隆藻株的昼夜垂直迁移特性的实验研究于1994年9月-1995年4月在暨南大学水生生物研究所的人工培养柱里进行。结果表明,该藻具有显著的趋光性和节律性昼夜垂直迁移行为。其昼夜垂直迁移的一般规律为光照开始后立即向上迁移,向下迁移则从光照结束前2h左右开始,直至光照结束后1h左右才在底部形成细胞的最大分布,但在连续光照或无光照的第2或第3天以后,这种规律性的昼夜垂直迁移即完全消失。因此,该藻垂直迁移的调控机制表现为显著的趋光性,但生物学节律可能也起着一定的作用。塔玛亚历山大藻垂直迁移速度与水柱温度密切相关,水柱温度越接近其最近生长温度或垂直温度梯度越小时,其垂直迁移速度越快,在125℃以下,则完全丧失垂直迁移的能力。塔玛亚历山大藻的上迁速度一般比下迁速度快,在最适温度范围甲,其向上迁移速度最高可达120m/h;而下迁速度最高只有0.70m/h。缺氮条件下塔玛亚历山大藻的迁移速度明显减慢,光照期避开表面而聚集于亚表层,并有明显的提前下移的倾向。 The diurnal vertical migration (DVM)of a poisonous red tidedinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense isolated from Hong Kong waters was studiedfrom Sept., 1994 to April, 1995 in laboratory culture tubes (glass: 4× 100cm and 4 ×195cm, plastic:10.6× 200cm). In any experiment A. tamarense was always kept atdensity of about 1 000cell / ml, and pre-cultured in the experimental culture tube forat least 48h. The present study involved four experiments. The first was a phototaxisexperiment wherein the verical distributions of A. tamarense were investigated underdifferent light conditions by varying the distance of the light source to the watersurface. The second experiment addressed the A. lamarense vertical distribution duringcontinuous 48h of darkness and of light. The third experiment was done intemperature of 12.2- 14.9, 13.7-21 .4, 18.0-25.6, 18.1-27.8 and 18. 1-29.5℃. Thelast experiment was done under conditons of nitrate enrichment (148.8μmol / L) ordeficiency (5.6μmol / L).The results showed that A. tamarense exhibited strong phototaxis and clear diurnalvethcal migration. The general pattem of DVM was that the cells started to migrateup just after light on and finished downward migration from ca. 2h before light off toca. 1h after light off.The diumal vertical migration, however, completely ceased fromthe second or third day under conhnuous dark or light condihons. There wassignificant relationship betWeen water temperature and the DVM sPeed of A.lamarense.The diurnal vertical migration was remarkably ascelerated when the water temperaturewas near its ophmum growth temperature rgnge(20.0-24.0℃) or when the temperaturegradient throughout the water column was small, and ceased when the temperaturewas below 12.5℃. The upward DVM speed of A. tamarense was generally faster thanthe downward speed. In its optimum growth temperature range, the highest upwardspeed was 1.20m / h, but the highest downward speed was only 0.70m / h. Withinsufficient nitrogen supply (5.6pmol / L), A. tamarense greatly decreased its DVMspeed, swarmed in the subsurface during light-time and tended to migrate downwardseariier than usual.These flndings suggest that the DVM behavior of this alga is strongly controledby phototaxis, but that the biological clock rhythm might have certain effectS on it.When the water temperature drops within its ophmum growth temperature range, theDVM speed of A tamarense is the fastest. However, the physiological state of A.tamarense may affect its behavior and DVM speed.
出处 《海洋与湖沼》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 1997年第5期458-467,共10页 Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica
基金 国家自然科学基金!9389008
关键词 红潮 甲藻 塔玛亚历山大藻 昼夜迁移 Red-tide Dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense Diurnal vertical migration
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  • 1J. J. Cullen,S. G. Horrigan. Effects of nitrate on the diurnal vertical migration, carbon to nitrogen ratio, and the photosynthetic capacity of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium splendens[J] 1981,Marine Biology(2-3):81~89
  • 2D. Kamykowski. Laboratory experiments on the diurnal vertical migration of marine dinoflagellates through temperature gradients[J] 1981,Marine Biology(1):57~64
  • 3D. Blasco. Observations on the diel migration of marine dinoflagellates off the Baja California coast[J] 1978,Marine Biology(1):41~47

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