新时期云南红河少数民族地区农村劳动力转移特征及其对新农村建设的影响

Characteristics of Rural Labor Emigration in Minority Areas of Honghe,Yunnan and Its Impact on New Socialist Countryside Construction in The 21st Century

我国少数民族地区的经济社会可持续发展具有重要的经济、政治和社会意义。农村是少数民族地区发展的薄弱环节,更是我国实现全面小康以及建设社会主义新农村的难点所在。农村劳动力转移又是其中的关键问题之一。本文通过收集、整理农户调查年鉴、农户调查问卷,分析新时期云南红河少数民族地区农村劳动力转移特征。并进一步分析了农村劳动力转移对新农村建设的影响,在此基础上提出了相应的对策建议。结果表明,新时期云南红河少数民族地区农村劳动力转移呈现转移率偏低、省内转移为主、收入较低、季节性务工和长期务工并存的特征,农村劳动力转移尚处于初级阶段。农村劳动力转移有助于提高农民素质,提高农民收入,增强了社会主义新农村建设的发展主体,缓解农村人地关系紧张的矛盾,对社会主义新农村建设有重要作用。研究认为,发展少数民族地区教育事业、激发群众奋发向上的精神、推进基础设施建设、加强管理体制和制度创新有助于促进农村劳动力转移背景下的社会主义新农村建设。

China is a country with multi-nationalities. The political, social and economic significances of the economic and social development in the minority areas have a very close connection with the modernization of the whole China＇ s polities, society and economy. The movement of minority rural migrants to the urban areas or to the non-agricultural industries is one of the key issues in the economic and social development in the minority rural areas. We take the rural population migration in the minority areas as the important research topic, hoping to be benefit to the deeper understanding of the current migration movement in China.