中国省区消费水平差异对资源环境影响的比较

The Impact Study on Human Activity to the Resource-Environment Based on the Consumption Level Difference of China's Provinces or Autonomous Regions

从消费视角开展人口与资源环境的研究，有助于深入认识两者相互关系。为资源利用和环境保护的政策制定提供依据。文章借助单位人的概念、构建的消费模型以及系统聚类分析法研究2005年中国大陆31个省区消费水平差异对资源环境的影响。结果表明，人口对资源环境作用强度可分为四类地区，多数处于单位人水平。北京和上海人口消费水平最高，人均资源环境影响强度相当于甘肃为单位人的2倍；浙江和广东人均影响强度介予1．5－2．0个单位人之间，是资源环境的次影响区；江苏、重庆、福建和天津人均影响强度介予1．0－1，5个单位人之间，是资源环境的第三层次影响区；其余23个省区人均影响强度大体在1.0个单位人左右，基本处于同一层次。资源环境影响强度较大的省区基本位于东部沿海地区。人口对资源环境作用总量大致分为四类地区，差异明显。广东人口众多且消费水平高，资源环境影响总量占全国的10．627％；河北、湖南、河南、四川、江苏、浙江及山东，人口消费水平均高于1个单位人，对资源环境平均影响总量为5．74％；内蒙古、吉林、甘肃等17个省区人口数量和消费水平差异较大，对资源环境平均影响总量占2．676％；天津、新疆、青海、宁夏、海南及西藏，人口总量和消费水平普遍较低。对资源环境影响总量小，平均仅为0．616％。对资源环境影响总量较大的省区多位于东中部地区，广大的西部省区仍是资源环境消费或终端压力的弱影响地区。

The study on population and the resource-environment by the consumption may contribute to the further cognition about their correlations, and provide the policy references for natural resources use and environmental protection. Taking China as the study object, this paper has studied on the impact status of the consumption level difference of China＇ s 31 provinces or autonomous regions on the resource-environment in 2005 by per capita consumption expenditure and serial statistical data with unit person method, constructed consumption model and hierarchical cluster analysis. The general results and cognitions are as follows. To the intensity that population acting on the resource-environment, four sorts of regions might be divided in 2005, furthermore most of them were at the level of unit person. The consumption level of Shanghai and Beijing regions was the top in China. Per capita of the impact intensity on the resource-environment was double to the unit person, and they fundamentally were the net influx regions of resources ： Per capita of the impact intensity in Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces was respectively equal to 1.5- 2.0 unit persons, and they were the second largest impact regions on the resource-environment. Per capita of the impact intensity in Jiangsu, Chongqing, Fujian and Tianjin was almost the same as 1.0 - 1.5 unit persons, and they were the third impact regions. Per capita the impact intensity of 23 provinces or autonomous regions of the rest were 1.0 unit person or so on the whole, and the impact intensity of them on the resource-environment was at the same level. Provinces or autonomous regions, located in the developed coastal areas in China, generally have the bigger impact on the resource-environment than the others. That is to say, the natural resources mainly flow from west to east and from north to south, but the environmental loads are shared in the whole China and are likely to be aggravated from east to west reversely. The main causes of imbalance of pressure on the resource-environment should be the difference of consumption level, the unmatchable resource exploitation and utilization, the imbalance of discharging pollutants, and the difference of moderate carrying capacity. To the total impact quantities that population acs on the resource-environment, four sorts of regions were divided in 2005, and the difference of them was notable. Guangdong province＇s the total impact quantities on the resource-environment accounted for 10. 627 % because of its larger population and higher consumption level. The consumption level of Hebei, Hunan, Henan, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong provinces was all above 1 unit person, and the average impact quantities were 5.74%. The average impact quantities of 17 provinces or autonomous regions including inner Mongolia, Jihn, Gansu, and so on, came up to 2. 676% since the difference of their population and consumption level were bigger. Since population and consumption level were both lower, the total impact quantities of Tianjin, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Ningxia, Hainan and Tibet were the smallest, and the average was only 0. 616%. Provinces or autonomous regions, having the bigger impact quantities on the resource-environment, are generally located in the eastern and central China, while the extended western China still is the weak impact area on the resouree-environment or final pressure. Provinces or autonomous regions are few, where the total impact quantities are more or less. Alternately, those are many, where the total impact quantities rank the middle.