对产业生态系统规模经济特征的研究

The Scale of Economy About Industrial Ecosystem

由于废物和副产品成为主要生产原料,产业生态系统在规模经济性方面表现出了与传统产业系统的不同。本文分析了影响产业生态系统规模经济性的5大因素:废料作为原材料的主要来源;以可更新能源替代化石能源;经济活动主体之间大量的物质交流;与周围环境在物质输入输出上保持平衡;信息不对称明显阻碍废物和回收市场的运作。这些因素导致了产业生态系统与传统产业系统在边际成本上的差异,即边际成本并不是随着规模的增加而降低的。论文指出,产业生态系统具有适度规模经济特征,在生产聚集和生活聚居上表现出小规模化的趋势,表现为相对较小的空间分布和相对局限的生产规模。这样的规模对于处理分散的、高熵值的资源和能源与集约化生产和消费模式之间的矛盾有相当的灵活性。论文最后对进一步开展研究的方向和内容提出了建议。

The scale of economy about industrial ecosystem is different from the traditional industry due to the reintegration of waste and byproduct into the production process. Five factors which infect the trait of the scale of economy about the industrial ecosystem are defined and analyzed： waste becomes the main resources, the substitution of renewable energy from fossil, the huge amount of mass communication between firms, the input-output balance between industrial ecosystem and the surrounding environment, and the recycling being obstructed due to the information unsyrnmetry. The differences embodied by the marginal cost between industrial ecosystem and traditional industry are discussed. That is the marginal cost of industrial ecosystem does not decline accompanying with the increasing of scale. The concept of moderate scale of economy about the industrial ecosystem is put forward which means the relative small in space and output. The moderate scale has the advantage of dealing with the contradiction between the dispersed, high entropy resource and the intensive consumption. The decentralization of living and production is analyzed. At the end of the paper, some suggestions concerning about the farther study in this direction are put forward.