免散瞳眼底照相在空勤人员体检中的初步应用

A preliminary study on using non-mydriatic fundus camera for aircrew members annual physical examination

目的了解空勤人员眼底疾病分布情况,探索眼底照相技术在临床航空医学中的作用。方法采用免散瞳眼底照相机和直接检眼镜对飞行员、空中交通管制人员及机械员进行检查,分析免散瞳眼底照相方法检查眼底的可靠性。结果 1212人接受了眼底检查,两种方法同时检查的有723人。在后者中检出眼底疾病219例,其中视网膜动脉硬化居首位,占14.2%;其次为糖尿病视网膜病变和黄斑部病变,分别占5.6%和5.7%。眼底照相方法与传统的直接检眼镜检查结果符合率为92.4%,Kappa 值为0.81,但优于后者。与直接检眼镜检查比较,眼底照相新发现眼底病54例。结论免散瞳眼底照相是一项操作简便、记录客观的方法,适合在空勤人员体检和对心脑血管事件危险因子预测中应用。

Objective To investigate the ocular fundus disease in aircrew members and explore the role of ocular fundus camera in clinical aviation medicine. Methods The ocular fundus of pilots, air controllers and flight engineers were examined by direct ophthalmoloscope and non-mydriatic fundus camera during annual physical examination. Results 1212 aircrew members were examined and 723 subjects were examined by both methods. In latter,219 subjects were found to have abnormal ocular fundus. The most abnormal was retinal arteriosclerosis and was about 14.2%. The secondary abnormal were diabetic retinopathy and macular diseases and were about 5.6% and 5.7 % respectively. The accordant rate of two methods was 92.4% and Kappa value was 0.81. Compared with direct ophthalmoscope method, additional 54 abnormal ocular fundus cases were found by non-mydriatic fundus camera. Conclusions Non-mydriatic fundus camera technique is a convenient and objective method to record abnormal retinal images. It is fit for medical physical examination and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events risk factor prediction in aviation medicine.