河北省超高产冬小麦群体和个体生育特性及产量结构特点

Population and individual characteristics of growth and development and yield components of super-high-yielding winter wheat in Hebei Province

为明确河北省超高产冬小麦群体和个体生育规律及产量结构特点,在河北平原大田限水条件下,对产量为9 000 kg/hm2超高产小麦的群体和个体的生长发育动态和产量结构特点进行了研究。结果表明:多穗型小麦结合合理的栽培措施,在该地区更容易获得超高产。9 000 kg/hm2小麦的产量构成为:每公顷800万穗左右,穗粒数30-34粒,千粒重40 g以上;主要群体指标为:最高LAI8左右,开花后下降较慢;有较高的生物产量(一般在20 000 kg/hm2左右)和经济系数(0.42以上)。对植株的个体性状包括次生根数、单株茎数、穗部性状等也进行了分析,并与产量为7 500 kg/hm2高产田进行了讨论比较。超高产田的各项指标均明显优于高产田。

In order to elucidate the rule of growth and development at population, individual level, and the characteristics of yield components in super-high-yielding （9 000 kg/hm^2 or more） winter wheat, a field experiment was carried out under limited irrigation conditions in Hebei Plain. The result showed that it was easier for winter wheat to obtain super-high yield by using multi-spike cultivats combined with reasonable cultivation measures in this region. The yield components of winter wheat with yield more than 9 000 kg/hm^2 were about 8 million spikes per hm^2, 30 to 34 grains per spike, and the 1 000 grain weight ≥40 g. The main population indices with yield of 9 000 kg/hm^2 were that, the highest leaf area index （LAI） was about 8, and declined slowly after anthersis, a higher biological yield （generally 20 000 kg/hm^2） and higher harvest index （〉0.42） were also necessary. Meanwhile, the individual plant characters, such as, the numbers of adventitious roots, culms per plant and spike traits were also analyzed and compared with those of winter wheat yielded 7 500 kg/hm^2. The parameters of super-high-yielding wheat 9 000 kg/hm^2 were all better than those of high-yielding wheat 7 500 kg/hm^2.