湖南省主要黄花菜品种生长发育和养分吸收规律研究

Study on Growth and Nutrient Uptake Characteristics of Major Cultivars of Daylily in Hunan Province

于2004年3～8月，在长沙对2001年冬季从湖南黄花菜主产区祁东和邵东两地引进的7个黄花菜品种分别进行定株观察，研究其移栽后的生长发育和养分吸收规律。结果表明，7个黄花菜品种叶片数、株高和苗数相差较大，但在整个生育期间出叶速度、株高变化幅度和苗数变化基本保持一致。不同品种总生物产量和花蕾产量相差悬殊，二者均以猛子花最高，茄子花最低。不同发育阶段相比，均以花蕾期生物产量最高，占全生育期生物产量的50％左右，苗期和抽薹期的生物产量相差不大，各占全生育期生物产量的20％～30％。黄花菜全生育期的N，P，K吸收量大小顺序为K〉N〉P，其中花蕾期的养分吸收量占全生育期的50％～80％，苗期和抽薹期吸收量差不多。花蕾期茎叶吸收P，K量明显高于苗期和抽薹期的吸收量，吸收N量则差不多。

Seven daylily cutivars introduced from Qidong and Shaodong were used as materials to study the growth and nutrient uptake characteristics of daylily after transplanting in Changsha from Mar. to Aug. of 2004. The results showed that the leaf number, plant height and seedling number of seven daylily cultivars are various significantly, while leaf emergence rate, change extent of plant height and seedling number were almost consistent during the whole period. There existed sigificant difference in total biomass yield and bud yield between different daylily cultivars, and those of Mengzihua were highest while those of Qiezihua were lowest. As for different growth stage, biomass yield at bud stage was largest and almost contributed to 50% of total biomass yield, and biomass yield at seedling and bolting stage was almost equal, 20%~30~ respectively. During the whole growing period of daylily, nutrient uptake amount showed a trend of K〉N〉 P, and 50%-80% of N, P and K were uptaken at bud stage, and the uptake amount at seedling and bolting stage was almost equal. The uptakes of P and K of daylily＇s leaves and stems at bud stage was more than those at seedling and bolting stage, while the uptake of N between different stages was almost equal.