4637名青年人恒牙发育异常调查

A Survey of Number and Morphology Anomalies in ermanent Teeth of 4637 youths

目的调查青年人恒牙牙齿形态和数目发育异常状况。方法2004至2006年对榆林市4所中学的4637名17-21岁学生进行恒牙数目和形态异常的调查。对不同性别和不同牙位发育异常的患病率进行卡方检验。结果牙齿数目和形态异常的总患病率为16.35%。女性过小牙、过大牙或锥形牙、畸形中央尖和先天性缺牙的患病率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。牙内陷、过小牙、过大牙或锥形牙好发于上颌侧切牙,畸形中央尖好发于下颌第二前磨牙,融合牙和先天缺牙好发于下颌切牙,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。过小牙、过大牙或锥形牙与先天性缺牙伴发比率高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论各种牙齿数目和形态异常的患病率、性别差异和好发牙位与以往的研究相符。但过小牙、过大牙或锥形牙、畸形中央尖的女性患病率均高于男性。

Objective To investigate the number and morphology anomalies in the permanent teeth of young people. Methods 4637 yong people were examined, who aged from 17 to 21 years in four middle schools of Yulin during the year of 2004 to 2006. Results The overall prevalence of dental number and morphology anamalies was 16. 35%. The prevalence of microdontia, macrodontia or conic shaped tooth, abnormal central cusp and congenital anodontia were higher in female than in male. （ P 〈 0. 05） Dens invaginatus, microdontia, macrodontia or conic shaped tooth were mainly located in the lateral incisors of the maxilla, abnormal central cusp was mainly located in the second premolar of the mandibular, fused teeth and congenital anodontia were mainly located in the incisors of the mandibular. （ P 〈 0. 01 ） The incidence of microdontia, macrodontia or conic shaped tooth accompanied with congenital anodontia is high. （P 〈0. 01） Conclusion The prevalence , sex predilection and location predilection are consistent with the previous studies. But the prevalence of microdontia, macrodontia, or conic shaped tooth and abnormal central cusp were higher in female than in male.