“脱亚论”与“兴亚论”——福泽谕吉与冈仓天心亚细亚主义思想的比较

Theory of Breaking Away from Asia and Theory of Promoting Asia:A Comparison on Asianism Thoughts Between Fukuzawa Yukichi and Okakura Tenshin

日本近代的亚细亚主义思想内容繁杂,派别众多,其中以"兴亚派"与"脱亚派"最具代表性。本文从文明观、国家观的角度比较"脱亚论"与"兴亚论"思想的异同。这两种看似相反的理论实际上具有共性,"脱亚论"与"兴亚论"都是从日本特殊论出发,试图确立日本在亚洲统治地位的思想。他们互为表里、相互呼应,不仅在近代日本的不同时期里左右着当时日本的社会意识,而且成为不同时期的日本政府对外策略的方向。

The content and the faction of the Asianism thoughts were numerous and diverse in the Japanese modern times. ＂Faction of breaking away from Asia＂ and ＂ faction of promoting Asia＂ were the most important represents among them. This dissertation compares the similarities and differences of the two theories from the civilized view and the national view. These two theories which seem opposite, in fact have the general character. They both set out from Japan special theory, and attempt to establish Japan the rule status in Asian. They are for the outside and inside, echo mutually. They control the social consciousness at that time during the modern times, moreover become the direction of the Japanese governmentg foreign policy in different time.