水分亏缺对番茄生理特性及水分生产效率的影响

Effects of Water Stress on Physiological Characteristic and Water Production Efficiency of Tomato

根据番茄的生长发育特点,分别以50%、60%、75%田间持水量作为苗期、开花坐果期、结果期的土壤水分下限,每个生育期的土壤水分上限设置3个水分水平,研究不同生育期水分亏缺和亏缺程度对番茄生长发育及生理特性的影响。结果表明,不同生育期的水分亏缺对番茄株高、茎粗、叶绿素相对含量、日光合及蒸腾速率变化等均有不同程度的影响,呈现明显的生长与生理补偿效应,水分胁迫处理的日光合速率峰值提前出现,蒸腾速率随水分亏缺程度的增加而减少,这有助于调控番茄无用的蒸腾耗水。通过对番茄不同生育期的灌水量和产量关系的研究得出,当全生育期灌水量为4025.80 m3/hm2时,番茄可以获得最高产量12.84×104kg/hm2。

Based on the growth and development rule of tomato, the lower limits of soil moister in its seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, fruiting bearing stage were respectively set as 50%, 60%, 75 % of field maintaining water quantity, soil irrigation maximum in each growing periods was set as three water supply levels water supply levels, effects of water stress on growth development and physiological characteristic of tomato were studied. The results show that water stress affected plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, diurnal photosynthetic and transpiration rate. The time when the maximum points diurnal change for leaf photosynthetic rate appeared was earlier under water stress than that without water stress, along with water stress degree increasing, the transpiration rate decreased, which was beneficial to regulate transpiring water consumption. According to the relationship between irrigation water and yield, the preferable yield （12.84×10^4 kg/hm^2） was obtained when irrigation water amount was 4025.80 m^3/hm^2.