辽宁省土壤侵蚀空间尺度效应初探

Preliminary study of spatial scale effects of soil erosionin Liaoning Province

土壤侵蚀的空间尺度效应和不同空间尺度土壤侵蚀定量评价的分析与研究是目前土壤侵蚀研究中的热点问题之一。通过对辽宁省34个典型水文站长序列水文资料和2000年辽宁省遥感资料进行汇总,运用沙量平衡分析方法,对辽宁省小流域—中尺度流域—区域大尺度3种尺度土壤侵蚀量进行不同空间尺度的对比研究。研究表明,辽宁省土壤侵蚀的空间尺度效应随着研究尺度的增大,主要表现在:1)通过对辽河流域的研究表明,研究区土壤流失量随流域面积的增大表现出递次减小的规律;2)通过对辽宁省9大流域的水文资料和遥感资料对比研究表明,随着研究尺度增大,土壤侵蚀的宏观特征表现更为显著。通过沙量平衡分析方法,沉积泥沙存蓄变化量是造成尺度效应的重要因素之一。深入研究沙量平衡计算的理论与方法,以沙量平衡计算辅助土壤侵蚀监测工作,是进一步促进土壤侵蚀监测工作的重要方法之一。

In the field of soil erosion research, one focused issue is on the analysis and investigation to the effect of soil erosion dimensional scale and the evaluation of soil erosion amount in different dimensional scale. The research is based on the general analysis of the long serial data of 34 typical hydrological stations and remote sensing data in 2000 of Liaoning Province. And a primary discussion is presented by the comparative research of different amount of soil erosion in small valley and meso-scale valley and the large-scale area. Through the balance calculation methods to calculate the amount of soil erosion, the rcsuh is indicated as： in Liaoning Province, along with the increasing of research area, firstly, through the study of Liaohe valley, average amount of soil loss will be diminished; secondly, through the study of nine meso-scale valley in Liaoning Province, macro-scopical features of soil erosion become more obvious. Based on the analysis of the sediment balance, the change of sediment deposit is one of the important factors for scale effect. It is very important for improving the work of monitoring to study of the theory and calculation methods for the sediment balance.