温度对煤矸石山水分及植物生长的影响--以山西省阳泉市煤矸石山为例

Effect of temperature on water content and vegetation growing in coal waste pile: A case study in Yangquan City of Shanxi Province

采用野外调查试验、取样和室内分析的方法，研究煤矸石山温度对水分及植被生长的影响。结果表明：煤矸石山温度在垂直方向随着深度的增加有上升趋势，与自然黄土荒坡变化趋势相反，且覆土后的煤矸石山较自然恢复煤矸石山温度变化剧烈；在垂直0～80cm的范围内，自然恢复、覆土50cm和覆土100cm煤矸石山相邻土层（10cm）温度升高值分别为0．68、2．20和2．97℃；覆土煤矸石山水分含量在垂直方向因温度升高逐步下降，其水分含量较自然恢复煤矸石山平均高出10％～15％；在山西省阳泉市煤矸石山适宜生长的耐高温植物有灰绿藜、茵陈蒿、蒺藜、马齿苋、臭蒿、狗尾草、沙打旺和鬼针草，4种植物对温度敏感程度由高到低依次为紫穗槐〉刺槐〉臭椿〉侧柏。

Based on the methods of field survey, experiment, sampling and the laboratory analyzes in coal waste piles in Yangquan of Shanxi Province, the effect of temperature on water content and vegetation growing was studied. The results showed that temperature in vertical direction increased by depth, opposited to natural land, which changed larger in coal waste pile covered by soil than nature restoration coal waste pile. The temperature increase of adjacent two levels（ 10 cm） in vertical direction from 0- 80 cm in natural restoration, earth-sheltered 50 cm and 100 cm coal waste piles are 0.68 ℃,2.20 ℃ and 2.97 ℃. The water content is decreasing with the temperature increasing in vertical direction in earth-sheltered coal waste pile, which is higher 10% - 15% than natural restoration in average. The vegetation which suit grow in coal waste pile in Yangquan of Shanxi Province contain Chenopodium glaucum, Artemisia capillaries, Tribulus terrestris, Portulaca oleracea, Artemisia hedinii, Setaria viridis, Astragalus adsurgens ＆ Bidens bipinnata. The descending order of sensitivity to temperature of four vegetation is Amorpha fruiticos, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus alltissima, and Platycladus orientalis.