论哈贝马斯对言语行为理论的继承与超越

ON INHERITANCE AND TRANSCENDENCE OF SPEECH ACT THEORY BY HABERMAS

哈贝马斯的普遍语用学以奥斯汀与塞尔的言语行为理论为基础,但又有超越。这种超越体现在3个方面:哈贝马斯突破了奥斯汀与塞尔关于制度界限内的以言行事行为,提出了非制度界限内的言语行为,并研究了后者实现以言行事的效果必须要满足的语用前提;与奥斯汀和塞尔不同,哈贝马斯明确提出了3种不同的有效性要求;哈贝马斯在批判奥斯汀与塞尔对言语行为分类的基础上,提出了自己的言语行为的分类。

Habermas＇ s universal pragmaics is based on Austin and searle＇ s speech act theory and has some transcendence. The transcendence has three aspects ： Habermas surpasses Austin and Searle＇ s institutionally bound speech acts, puts forwards institutionally unbound speech acts and studies the pragmatic rules which must be satisfied by the latter so as to achieve illocutionary effects; Being different from Austin and Searle, Habermas puts forwards three different validity claims; Habermas classifies his own speech acts on the basis of criticizing Austin＇s and Searle＇ s classifications.