浙江传统祠堂戏场建筑研究

Theater Buildings in Traditional Ancestral Hall in Zhejiang Province

明清和民国时期,宗族在祠堂中除了对祖先呈献一般的祭品外,往往还供奉演剧。所以,祠堂中常常建有戏场。浙江现存的传统祠堂戏场建筑就数以百计。祠堂戏场一般呈庭院式,戏台为其表演空间,正对中厅,两侧有看楼或厢廊。这些戏场建筑空间合理,装饰精美,有很高的历史、科学和艺术价值,是中华民族宝贵的建筑遗产。该文在实地调查的基础上,重点分析和研究浙江祠堂戏场建筑的文化背景、总体情况、建筑形式、典型实例、空间特征、艺术成就等。

From the 16th century to the early 20th century in Zhejiang Province, ancestral halls were places not only for offering a sacrifice to ancestors, but also for opera performing. Correspondingly, many traditional theater buildings were built there, It is estimated that there are hundreds of this kind building in Zhejiang Province. These buildings are characterized with the stages for performance and the courtyards for audience, and the stages are exactly opposite to middle-hall and generally flanked with two-story galleries. Their spaces are suitable, decorations are delicate, which have high-value of history, science and art, and are precious architectural heritage of the Chinese Nation. This article analyzes and studies with emphases on their cultural background, general condition, architectural form, typical examples, spatial characteristics, artistic accomplishments, etc based on the field investigation.