^(60)Co-γ辐射对家蚕生长发育的影响

Silkworm Growth under ^(60)Co-γ Beam Radiation

利用60Co-γ射线对家蚕卵进行照射,辐射剂量在10 Gy^30 Gy之间对蚕的生长发育等一系列变化进行研究。结果表明:随着辐射剂量的增加,家蚕在1小时内的平均孵化率有极显著提高,对照区的平均孵化率为33.2%,而10 Gy、20 Gy和30 Gy区分别达到34.44%、39.67%和51.11%。四龄第2天随机称量50头蚕,对照、10 Gy、20 Gy和30 Gy区每头蚕平均体重分别为1.174 g、1.116 g、0.975 g和0.862 g,体重随剂量增加明显减轻,其中20 Gy和30 Gy区对比对照和10 Gy区均有极显著差异;茧层率在10 Gy和20 Gy辐照区与对照区比较变化不大,即23.37%、23.54%对比24.25%,而30 Gy辐照区显著降低,为21.74%;单蛾产卵数先升高后降低,从对照区的529粒到10 Gy的540粒和30 Gy的392粒,这可能是辐照使蚕生长发育的机制发生了改变,引起膜损伤、破坏蛋白质的结构的原因,并且对蚕的消化功能也产生了影响。综合考虑在家蚕辐射育种方面10 Gy时的照射效果最佳。

This experiment studied silkworm growth under the dose of 10 Gy - 30 Gy by ^60Co-γ radiation, the results showed that ： along with increase of radiation dose, silkworm eggs have an remarkable hatching rate one hour after exposure to ^60Co-γ. The average hatching rate of control farm plot is 33.2 %. 10 Gy, 20 Gy and 30 Gy discrimination reached to 34.44 % , 39.67 % and 51.11% , respectively. Took randomly the weight of 50 silkworms 2nd day of 4th instar of the comparison, 10 Gy, 20 Gy and the 30 Gy group. The average body weight of each silkworm is 1. 174 g, 1.116 g, 0. 975 g and 0. 862 g, respectively. The body weight decreases along with the increase of radiation dose. The body weight of 20 Gy and 30 Gy groups have remarkable difference compared to comparison and the 10 Gy groups （P 〈0.01）. Cocoon shell rate show no significant difference among 10 Gy and the 20 Gy radiation groups and the groups control farm plot comparison . They are 23.37 % , 23.54 % contrasts 24.25 % , respectively. Yet the 30 Gy dose is 21.74 % （P 〈0.05）. The number of eggs laid per spawn first rise then fall, from 529 grains of control farm plot to 540 grains of 10 Gy and 392 grains of 30 Gy. This possibly is the exposure of radioactive rays causes the change of silkworm＇s growth mechanism, causes the damage of cellar membrane and changed protein structure, and also has an influence to silkworm＇s digestion function. The best dose of ^60Co-γ radiation on silkworm breeding is 10 Gy.