北京市六类残疾人康复需求现状分析

Status of demands on rehabilitation among handicapped persons of six categories in Beijing

目的 了解北京市残疾人的康复需求及服务现状。方法 采用统计描述和统计推理对北京市第二次残疾人抽样调查中确诊为六类残疾4852名残疾人的康复需求数据进行分析，据此推测北京市总体康复需求现状。结果 城市残疾人的康复意识和康复需求均高于郊区残疾人，儿童对康复训练的需求最高占75．23％，老年人对辅助器具和与医疗服务的需求最高，分别是57．05％和66．86％；一级、二级残疾人以社区和家庭康复为主；三级、四级残疾人以机构康复为主。视力和肢体残疾人对机构康复的需求较大，分别为85．23％和59．91％；76．95％的智力残疾人有社区和家庭服务的需求；精神、视力和肢体残疾人的医疗服务需求较高，分别是92．80％、86．77％和68．24％；听力残疾人对辅助器具的需求高达83．09％；智力、言语和精神残疾人对康复训练与服务的需求分别是84．36％、77．42％和62．82％。除医疗服务外，残疾人对其他方面的需求与救助均较低。结论 残疾人的需求和曾接受服务之间有较大差距，应加强宣传，促使残疾人树立正确康复观。

Objective To explore the status of rehabilitation demands and services of persons with disability in Beijing and to provide evidence for rehabilitation establishment programmed by government and civil society. Methods Using both qualitative and descriptive methodologies to analyze the data of 4852 disabled persons who had been confirmed of requiring rehabilitation services in Beijing. Data was from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in conferring the demands for rehabilitation services. Results The consciousness and demand for rehabilitation was higher among urban disabled residents than those living in the rural areas. Demand on rehabilitation training from children was accounted for 75.23 %. Rates of demand on assistant device and medical service among the elderly were 57.05%, 66.86% respectively. Primary rehabilitation format of grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ appeared to be community-based and family service while grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ were institutional rehabilitation programs. Rates on needs regarding vision and limb accounted for 85.23% and 59.91% respectively. 76.95% of the disability persons among intelligentsia needed community and family service. The rates on demand of medical treatment of mental, vision, limbs services were 92.80% , 86.77% and 68.24 % respectively while the demand for assistant device of hearing disability was 83.09 %. Rates of demand on rehabilitative training from mental, diction and mind disabled were 84.36%, 77.42 %, 62.82 %. Other kinds of demand and services seemed relatively low other than medical treatment. Conclusion The gap between demand and salvation on rehabilitation was relatively great, suggesting the enhancement of disabled rehabilitation programs be strengthened to promote the build-up of a correct concept on rehabilitation among the disabled. Demands from the disabled persons should be extensively met.