X-ER构式下的事件名词

Eventive Nominals of the X-ER Derivative Pattern

X-er名词向来被以偏概全称为"施事名词",但X-ER构式实际可以编码"施事"以外的诸多语义角色,其指称范围涵盖人、物、事件等范畴,语义范围涵盖施事、受事、工具、处所甚至时间等语义格,词基X牵涉多种词类。X-ER构式下的"事件"名词具有与"物件"意义上的X-er名词相同的概念结构,也可再划分为施(致)事性、受事性、工具性等次类,而除此还有一类无法分析为具体语义角色的X-er"事件"名词。X-er事件名词的生成既遵循"事件即物件"这一总喻,同时在某种程度上也受制于转喻的认知模式。

Improperly labeled as “agentive nouns”, the X-er nominals actually encode more semantic roles than Agent. With their base covering various parts of speech, the X-er nominals can have people, things, and events as their referents, and encode such semantic roles as Agent, Patient, Instrument, Locative, and even Time. The eventive nouns of the X-ER derivative pattern are conceptually parallel to the object-level X-er nominals, in that they can also be divided into such types as Agent/ Causer, Patient and Instrument. X-er can also encode eventive nominals that imply no specific semantic role. The generation of the eventive X-er nominals is governed by the generic EVENTS ARE OBJECTS metaphor, yet metonymy＇ also plays a significant role in their construal.