近50年三江平原土地利用／覆被变化及土壤侵蚀分析

Analysis of land use/cover change and soil erosion in Sanjiang plain during the past 50 years

选取1954年的地形图、1976年Landsat/MSS影像数据、1986年和2000年Landsat/TM标准假彩色合成影像作为基本信息源,在专家知识参与下,获得三江平原近50年的土地利用/覆被变化信息;基于GIS和USLE方程求取了三江平原4个时期的土壤侵蚀量;根据获取的土地利用和土壤侵蚀数据,在对三江平原分区域的基础上,详细了解和分析了各区域近50年的土地利用/覆被变化状况和土壤侵蚀发展趋势.据此对每个区域的土地资源的合理利用和侵蚀防治提供针对性建议,以期为该区域的可持续发展提供科学依据.

Based on TM, MSS and relief map, with expert knowledge, the information of land use/cover change in 1954,1976,1986 and 2000 was obtained in Sanjiang plain; At the same time, using GIS and USLE, according to the actual situation in Sangjing plain, by choosing the reasonable methods to calculate R, K, LS, C, P factors in the USLE, the soil erosion of Sanjiang plain in 1954, 1976,1986 and 2000 was evaluated. Then with consideration of the. geomorphologic unit and the soil erosion intensity grading map of 2000, Sanjiang plain was divided into 7 different regions. They were northern hejiang plain region, southeast muling-xingkai plain region, southwest woken river-valley plain region, west qingheishan low mountain and hill region, east wandashan low mountain and hill region, southwest aerhawoshan low mountain and hill region, and south laoyeling-kenate-taipingling low mountain and hill region. For the different regions, their LUCC pattern and soil erosion state were quantitatively analyzed and evaluated during the past 50 years. By these analysis, the trend and actuality of LUCC and soil erosion were acquired. Then we can provide some scientific suggestion for the land use and erosion control. So we expect these reasonable suggestion can help the management and decision-makers for the sustainable development in this region.