蓝细菌多糖及其应用研究概况

Polysaccharides from Oyanobacteria and Their Potential Applications

本文简要介绍了有关蓝细菌(蓝藻)多糖的研究进展,并分析了它们潜在的应用价值。主要是以单糖组分为主对迄今蓝细菌贮藏多糖、细胞外被多糖和胞外多糖的研究作了系统阐述,其中,细胞外被多糖又按细胞壁多糖、鞘多糖、荚膜和粘质多糖进行了归类。对相关的应用研究分三个方面总结为:①生物学活性,包括抗辐射、抗氧化等特性和潜在的抗肿瘤、抗病毒、降低胆固含量等活性;②流变学特性及其在工业上的应用前景;③在土壤改良及沙漠治理中的潜力。总体而言,对蓝细胞多糖及其应用的研究意义重大,是一个新兴领域,但目前的基础还远远不够,亟待加强。

This review deals with the polysaccharides from cyanobacteria and their potential applications. The polysaccharides were described mainly as reserve, cell envelope and extracellular polysccharides with those from cell envelopes subgrouped into cell wall, sheath, capsular and slime polysaccharides. The emphasis was put on the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides for very few studies available on their structural elucidation. The introduction for potential applications of the polysaccharides were focused on three aspects: ①bioactivity, including their anti-irradiation and anti-oxidation effects, as well as their potential antitumor, antiviral and hypocholesterolemic activities; ②rheological properties and their prospects in industries; ③potentiality in soil improvement and desert reclamation.