回到马克思:解开剥削问题的死结

Back to Marxism: Break the Impasse of Exploitation

马克思将剩余价值分解为初始剩余价值、绝对剩余价值和相对剩余价值三个组成部分,其中相对剩余价值是资本通过提高劳动生产力得到的,不是靠剥削工人的劳动得来的。因此,资本家占有相对剩余价值不是剥削,不能滥用剩余价值率来衡量剥削程度。但在现实中,剩余价值三个组成部分之间的界限是模糊的,劳资双方为争取各自的利益展开博弈。政府的作为在于用法令缩短工作日,限制剥削,促进全社会劳动生产力的提高。

Marx divides surplus value into primary, absolute and relative surplus values, among which relative surplus value is brought by capital through improving the productive force of labor instead of through exploiting workers＇ labor. Therefore, capitalists own relative surplus value rather than exploitation so surplus value rate can＇t be used to judge the degree of exploitation. However, in reality, since boundaries among the three parts of surplus value are vague, both workers and capitalists fight for their interests and the government needs to shorten working days by law so as to prevent exploitation and improve the productive force of labor throughout the society.