长江三峡地区退化生态系统土壤微生物的初步研究

Preliminary studies on the soil microorganisms of degraded ecosystem in the Changjiang River Sanxia region

通过对长江三峡地区４种退化生态系统类型，每一类型５个土壤样品中微生物的初步研究，结果表明该地区土壤每克干土中真菌和细菌的数量分别为８．６２×１０４～１．３１×１０５ｃｆｕ及１．５４７×１０７～６．９５７×１０７ｃｆｕ，但不同退化生态系统类型下土壤微生物的数量有所不同，其中单位重量土壤真菌数量（ｃｆｕ／ｇ）多少顺序为：栓皮栎林（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓｆｏｒｅｓｔ）＞马尾松林（Ｐｉｎｕｓｍａｓｏｎｉａｎａｆｏｒｅｓｔ）＞马尾松栓皮栎混交林（ＰｉｎｕｓｍａｓｏｎｉａｎａＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓｆｏｒｅｓｔ）＞杉木林（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａｆｏｒｅｓｔ），细菌数量顺序为：马尾松栓皮栎混交林（ＰｉｎｕｓｍａｓｏｎｉａｎａＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓｆｏｒｅｓｔ）＞栓皮栎林（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓｆｏｒｅｓｔ）＞马尾松林（Ｐｉｎｕｓｍａｓｏｎｉａｎａｆｏｒｅｓｔ）＞杉木林（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａｆｏｒｅｓｔ）。真菌种类鉴定表明，青霉菌（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｉｕｍｓｐ．）、镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｓｐｐ．）、木霉菌（Ｔｒｉｈｏｄｅｒｍ?

Five soil samples were collected from main types of degraded ecosystem in the Sanxia region of Changjiang River for determining the amount and identifying the species of soil microorganisms. The results show that the amount of the fungi and the bacteria are 8.62×10 4～1.31×10 5 cfu/g and 1.547×10 7～6.957×10 7 cfu/g (based on the dry soil) respectively. But the amount of the two kinds of soil microorganisms are different among the degraded ecosystems, the amount of fungi is in the order of Quercus variabilis forest >Pinus massoniana forest >Pinus massoniana Quercus variabilis forest >Cunninghamia lanceolata forest and the amount of bacteria is in another order of Pinus massoniana Quercus variabilis forest > Quercus variabilis forest >Pinus massoniana forest >Cunninghamia lanceolata forest. According to fungi species identifying, the main fungi populations are Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Trihoderma spp. and Botrytis spp. etc. in soils of the studied areas.