人体组织提供者法律保护模式之建构

Construction of Legal Models of Protection on Human Tissue Providers

在我国民法界,在如何保护人体组织提供者利益问题上尚有分歧,但一般认为,与人体分离后的组织和器官为"物"。基于知情同意的人格保护模式可以有效地保护人体组织提供者就组织的分离、使用和处置进行控制的权利,能达到我国目前的财产保护学说所需要的效果,单辟一个不完整的财产权利价值不大。更重要的是,启用知情同意和人格保护的制度有利于保护人的尊严和自主权,能与各国所倡导的无偿捐赠模式达到一致,且能促进利他主义价值观和社会凝聚力,副作用较小但益处却不小,应得到优先考虑。知情同意原则的不断发展将使其发挥更大的作用。主张基于知情同意的人格保护和无偿捐赠并不排斥人体组织提供者就商业后续开发主张利益分享。

In civil law field in our country, experts diverge on how to protect the interests of human tissue providers. The human tissues and organs are generally deemed as property in our country. Informed-consent-based protection should be preferred because it can effectively provide human tissue donors rights to control, use and dispose of his body parts. It can achieve the results that protection of property desires. It is not necessary to create a new prop- erty cause of action. The doctrine of informed consent respects human dignity and autonomy, it promotes altruism and solidity, and, in one word, it has many advantages but has less side-effects. Informed consent will and can play a more important role if it is appropriately reformed. Informed consent and gift idea does not prohibit human tissue provider from claiming to share benefits contributed by his tissues donation.