伊犁河谷景观格局变化分析

Study on Landscape Pattern Variation in Ili Valley.

景观生态学是宏观生态研究的一个新的领域。景观动态变化研究,是目前景观生态学中的一个研究热点。基于伊犁河谷2000年、2005年夏季有效时相Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像资料,综合运用遥感与GIS技术,通过采用分维数,多样性指数,破碎度指数和边界密度等指数,分析了伊犁河谷景观动态变化。研究结果表明:①草地、水域和林地面积大幅度减少,耕地和城乡居民工矿交通用地猛增,城市化进程加快;②伊犁河谷斑块数目增多,景观边缘密度增加,景观破碎度增大,伊犁河谷景观异质性和景观形状的复杂性程度略微提升;③景观基质依然为草地,草地破碎度稍增,草地的多样性和异质性下降;④耕地的斑块数减少而斑块面积增大,破碎化程度降低,耕地的稳定性加强。

Landscape Ecology is a new field of the macro ecological research. Study on the landscape change is the researeh hot spot of the Landscape Ecology at present. The paper use remote sensing and Geographic Information System （GIS） technique to analyze landscape dynamic change of Ili Valley by taken six landscape indexes, including rate between parameter and area, patch＇s density, diversity and evenness, dominance, fragmentation, fractal dimension, based on Landsat TIM/ ETM remote sensing image of the summer of 2000 and 2005. The results show that： （1）during the past 5 years, the grass area, the forests area and the water area sharply decreased, and the amble area and residential areas for city expand fast on the not used land, which has the urbanization trend. （2）as a result of the change of Ili Valley landscape, the number of landscape patches, the landscape perimeter density was increased, thus the landscape fragmentation and its heterogeneity was slightly increased. （3）Over these 5 years, the matrix of Ili Valley is still the grass area, the fragmentation of grass area was slightly increased, and its diversity and heterogeneity was decreased; the landscape numbers of amble area was decreased and its patch area was increased, and the fragmentation degree was decreased and the stability of amble area was enhanced.