多变低水环境下高粱高产节水生理基础的研究

PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY ON HIGH GRAIN YIELD AND LOW WATER CONSUMPTION OF SORGHUM UNDER HIGHLY VARIED AND LOW WATER ENVIRONMENT

利用盆栽法采用27种动态变动供水处理模拟多变低水环境，研究高粱产量及水分利用效率的变化．结果表明：采用前期控水、拔节期后恢复充足供水处理，可在产量不减少或有所提高的前提下实现节水目的．多变低水环境条件下，作物籽粒产量、耗水量和水分利用效率的变化，可分为高产高耗水型、高产节水型、较高产节水型、中产高节水型和低产低水分利用效率型5类．恢复供水后，作物在渗透调节及气孔运动、光合作用等生理代谢上产生的超额补偿效应是高产节水的生理基础．

Sorghum grain yield and water use efficiency were studied with 27 kinds of water treatments. The resultsindicated that the treatments with low water supply during seedling period and with sufficient water supply duringjointing stages, coulg obtain not only high yield but also lower water consumption at the same time. Sorghumgrain yield and water use efficiency under highly varied and low water conditions colud be divided into 5 types:high yield and high water consumption, high yield and Water-Saving type, relative high yieldand water-savingtype, medium yield and high water-saving type and low yield and low UUE type. Physiolopical compensatoryeffects on the aspects of leaf osmotic adjustment, stomatal resistance and photosynthesis ther water restoration ofsupply were the main reasons for the high yield and low water consumption simultaneously.