热带山地雨林生态系统的水分生态效应——冠层对暴雨势能的消减、暴雨养分贮存

HYDRO ECOLOGICAL EFFECT OF TROPICAL MOUNTAIN RAINFOREST ECOSYSTEM ——POTENTIAL ENERGY OF STORM DECREASED BY CANOPY AND NUTRIENTS OF STORM STORED IN THE SYSTEM

基于对尖峰岭热带山地雨林集水流域的定位研究，分析了３年间该群落冠层对大雨、暴雨及大暴雨势能的消减、缓冲耗能效应以及年暴雨携带养分在系统中贮存效应，其冠层消减大雨、暴雨及大暴雨势能占年总消减势能在６１．８％～７１．８％之间，其中消减（≥２００ｍｍ）大暴雨势能量占年总消减势能的４３．９％；大雨、暴雨及大暴雨雨水的年均养分含量为５５．１２２ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，其产流流失为４２．９１７ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，年均净积累为１２．２０５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，除取Ｓｉ外，年净积累量达３２．６７４ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，充分体现出热带山地雨林生态系统具有的环境生态效应。

Based on located research of tropical mountain rainforest watershed at Jianfengling of China,it was analyzed that the influence of canopy upon storm and heavy storm.Nutrients' Input output by storm and storm runoff were studied in the system for three years.The decreased potential energy of heavy rain,storm and heavy storm by canopy was occupied 61 8%～71 8% of the annual total of precipitation during three years,of which the heavy rain,storm and heavy storm amounted to 21 6%,9 8%,68 6%,respectively.Mean total amount of N,P,K,Ca,Mg and Si in heavy rain,storm and heavy storm was 55 12 kg/hm 2·a and that in runoff was 42 92 kg/hm 2·a,so the net accumulation of them in the system was 12 21 kg/hm 2·a.When expected Si,the net accumulation of the nutrients in the system was 32 67 kg/hm 2·a.The system had marked ecology function of water and purification effect of water quality.