生态位概念演变与展望

Developement of Niche Concept and Its Perspectives : A Review.

生态位概念演变与展望张光明谢寿昌（中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园，昆明６５０２２３）ＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｍｅｎｔｏｆＮｉｃｈｅＣｏｎｃｅｐｔａｎｄＩｔｓＰｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｓ：ＡＲｅｖｉｅｗ．ＺｈａｎｇＧｕａｎｇｍｉｎｇ，ＸｉｅＳｈｏｕｃｈａｎｇ（Ｘｉｓ...

Niche theory is important both in theoretical and applied ecology,but a generally-accepted definition has not been established yet. During the past century, three ecologists have made great contribution to development of the niche concept. Grinnell's (1917,1924, 1928) “spatial niche”, Elton's (1927) “functional niche” and Hutchinson's(1957)“n-dimentional hypervolume niche” have been the major categories of the definition of niche. The present paper reviewed the development of niche concept and analysed the problems that have confused and bothered ecologists for almost 100 years.Finally, a new definition of the niche concept was proposed. Niche can be described as the functional role that a particular species plays in all or a special stage of a given species' invasion, colonization, propagation, development, decline, and extinction process'. Niche theory can be applied to the conservation of endangered,threatened and declining species in the 21st century.