新生儿先天性畸形481例构成和相关因素分析

Analysis on the composition of 481 neonates with congenital malformation and their associated factors

目的回顾性分析10年中新生儿畸形在发生率和组成结构中的变化,并探讨可能与畸形发生相关的多种因素的暴露情况,以研究新生儿畸形的现状,从而寻求有效降低新生儿畸形的方法。方法选择10年内发生的所有新生儿畸形病例,对历年孕妇产前检查率、胎儿畸形构成状况、孕妇多种相关暴露因素进行分析,并对结果进行χ2检验。结果孕妇按时作产前检查对降低新生儿畸形的发生率和降低畸形的严重程度有重要的意义。先天性心脏病的发生率占所有畸形之首,神经系统畸形的发生率则明显下降。育龄妇女患性病、孕期感染等致畸因素近年来呈上升趋势。结论孕妇产前检查,特别是应用B超和染色体检测进行筛查;减少母亲性病及孕期感染的发生对防范新生儿畸形的发生有重要意义。

Objectives To retrospectively investigate the changes in incidence and types of congenital malformation over the past 10 years. To analyze the risk factors related to congenital malformation including hazardous exposure during pregnancy, understand the status of congenital malformation update and explore the strategies to reduce congenital malformation. Methods Data of all malformed neonates were reviewed during the past 10 years. Rate of prenatal care, types of malformation, and prenatal exposure to risk factors were analyzed. Chi-square test was used to analyze the statistic sigliifieance. Results Prenatal examination was significantly linked to reduce incidence and severity of congenital malfor- marion. Congenital heart diseases were the most common types of malformation. Nervous system malformation has been decreasing over the past 10 years. Certain risk factors, such as maternal sexually transmitted diseases （STD） and intrau- tetine infection have increased in recent years. Conclusions Proper prenatal care, screening of impaired fetus with ultra- sonographic examination and prenatal chromosomal studies, and reduction of maternal STD rate and intrauterine infection rate are effective ways to reduce congenital malformation.