空气花粉浓度与人群呼吸系统疾病的关联研究

Association between Airborne Pollen Concentrations and Human Respiratory Diseases

目的研究空气花粉浓度的变化规律及其与人群呼吸系统疾病的相关性。方法收集北京市海淀区2000—2002年4—9月空气花粉浓度、空气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)浓度、气象因素(日均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温、日均气压、24h降水量、日均相对湿度)和同期5种呼吸系统疾病(变应性鼻炎、哮喘、急性咽炎、急性喉炎、急性气管炎)公费医疗人群门、急诊就医人次,以周为单位绘制各要素的时间趋势图,研究空气花粉浓度和5种呼吸系统疾病门、急诊就医人次随时间变化的趋势。在控制各周平均日TSP浓度及6种气象因素的基础上,分别对3年中花粉浓度的春季高峰期(4月1日—6月16日)和夏秋季高峰期(7月15日—9月30日)内各周平均日花粉浓度和5种疾病就医人次进行偏相关分析。结果北京市海淀区3年中4—9月空气花粉浓度均出现春季和夏秋季两个高峰。5种疾病各有不同的时间变化趋势,其在春季花粉高峰期内与空气花粉浓度的偏相关均无统计学意义(P>0.05),夏秋季花粉高峰期内仅变应性鼻炎就医人次与空气花粉浓度的偏相关有统计学意义(偏相关系数为0.802,P<0.01)。结论北京市海淀区夏秋季花粉高峰期内变应性鼻炎就医人次与空气花粉浓度的变化有一定关联。

Objective To investigate the relationship between airborne pollen concentrations and the number of medical consultations in out-patient and emergency for respiratory diseases in Haidian district,Beijing. Methods To collect the data of airborne pollen concentrations,atmospheric concentrations of total suspended particles（TSP）,the related meteorological factors （average temperature,maximum temperature,minimum temperature,average air pressure,precipitation and relative humidity） and the data of patients who were diagnosed with respiratory diseases including acute pharyngitis,acute laryngitis,acute bronchitis,anaphylactic rhinitis and bronchial asthma from database on medical insurance,from April to September in 2000 to 2002 in Haidian district,Beijing. The partial correlation coefficients between airborne pollen concentrations and the number of medical consultations for respiratory diseases in spring （from April 1st to June 16th）,and in summer-autumn （from July 15th to September 30th） were calculated after controlling TSP concentrations and the six related meteorological factors. Results The airborne pollen concentrations in these three years showed two obvious peaks in spring and summer-autumn,and each of the five respiratory diseases has its specific change character. The number of medical consultations for anaphylactic rhinitis was significantly associated with the airborne pollen concentrations in summer-autumn （the partial correlation coefficient was 0.802,P〈0.01）. Conclusion The number of medical consultations for anaphylactic rhinitis is correlated with the airborne pollen concentrations in summer-autumn.