岩溶发育石灰石矿山爆破存在的问题及处理方法

The problem and the way of blasting in karst-developed area

分析了岩溶对爆破作用的影响,以及在穿孔、装药、爆破方法等方面存在的问题,分析表明:岩溶会导致爆炸能量的泄漏,改变爆破抵抗线的大小和方向,导致爆破不均,引起相邻炮孔炸药的殉爆而导致爆轰波的反向传递,引发大面积的拒爆事故;提出爆区穿孔应尽量避开溶洞,采取吊包等装药方法;逐孔起爆技术现场试验表明,该方法能够减小岩溶对爆破的影响,有效改善爆破效果,特别是能够有效预防拒爆事故,提高岩溶发育石灰石矿山爆破安全作业水平。

The effect of karst-caves to blasting was analysed and the problem in perforation, charging,blasting, It indicated that karst-caves lead blast-energy leak out, change distance and direction from the blast center to the edge of sidestep, It would result in misfire through sympathetic detonation, perforate should keep away from karst-caves, take the way of suspensory detonator, Experiment shows that ignition in borehole sequence could reduce the effect of blasting root in karst-caves, improve blasting result, Especially it could avoid misfire, the level of safety in blasting should be enhanced.