沃尔顿谬误理论研究

Study on Walton's fallacy theory

为研究加拿大著名学者沃尔顿的谬误理论,从沃尔顿谬误理论的基础——对话理论即对话类型和对话的构成两个方面出发,阐述了谬误是产生于论证或论辩的对话情景之下的。以此为基础,沃尔顿阐述了对话中的谬误是如何产生的,实际上是由于对话规则的违背和对话的论辩技术的误用导致的。认为沃尔顿的谬误理论是语用的和辩证的,这种研究方向为逻辑学的发展,尤其是非形式逻辑的发展开辟了更广阔的道路。

With the purpose of studying fallacy theory developed by Mr.Walton,a Canadian renowned scholar,this article clarifies that fallacy theory arises from dialogue situation of argumentation from two aspects,dialogue type and dialogue structure,which constitutes the foundation of Walton＇s fallacy theory—dialogue theory.Based on that,Walton discusses how the fallacy in dialogues comes from.Actually,it is resulted from violation of the dialogue rules and misusing of technology in the dialogue.Therefore,it is clear that Walton＇s fallacy theory is pragmatical and dialectical.This research direction leads to a greater development for logic,especially the informal logic.