吉林玉米带玉米一次性施肥现状调查分析

Investigation of Present Situation on Single Fertilization for Maize in Jilin Maize Belt

利用肥料统计资料、农户和肥料经销商的抽样调查资料,对吉林省玉米一次性施肥的规模、分布区域、施用量、经济投入及玉米高氮复混肥的生产状况进行了调查和分析。结果表明:玉米一次性施肥主要集中在吉林玉米带的中、东部地区,土壤类型以黑土、典型黑钙土、白浆土、草甸土和暗棕壤为主。2005年玉米一次性施肥面积占玉米总施肥面积的62.5%,玉米一次性施肥平均施用量为554 kg/hm2;一次性施肥比农民常规施肥多投入313元/hm2。玉米高氮复混肥的比例和氮含量逐年增加,特别是临时登记的高氮复混肥比例和高氮复混肥(N>25%)的比例分别由2003年的45.1%、50.0%增加到2005年的95.5%、77.0%。

This study was conducted on scale of maize single fertilization,distribution of maize production regions,application amount of fertilizer,economic input and production status of high N compound fertilizer in Jilin,using fertilizer statistics and sampling information from farmers and fertilizer sellers.The results indicate that single fertilization is predominantly used in central and east regions of Jilin maize belt,where soil types are black soil,chernozem,albic soil,meadow soil and dark brown forest soil.In 2005,single fertilization was used in 6 2.5% of the total fertilized fields.The average application amount of fertilizer is 554 kg/hm2 and the cost of single fertilization is 313 yuan/hm2 higher than that under farmers＇ normal application of fertilizer.Rate of high N compound fertilizer and content of N in fertilizer are increased.Rate of temporary registered high N compound fertilizer and rate of high N compound fertilizer are especially increased,from 45.1% and 50.0% of 2003 to 95.5% and 77.0 % of 2005.