国外泄水建筑物掺气减蚀研究

Review of Preventing Cavitation Damage of Hydraulic Structures for Overseas

泄槽掺气设施是目前较为通用的工程减蚀措施,前人对其掺气机理与布置形式进行了大量的研究工作,其中,国外的工作侧重于机理研究,主要探讨空化空蚀的发生、水流的掺气过程及气体的逸出过程等,而国内的工作则紧密结合工程实际,重点研究掺气浓度的减蚀效果及掺气设施的布置方式。对国外相关研究工作进行了系统的回顾,希望能够在理论及实践上对我国高坝泄洪的掺气减蚀问题提供一定的借鉴。

As chute aerator is the current feasible engineering approach to reduce cavitation damage, great efforts were made to investigate the mechanism of aeration process, research mainly focused on cavitation formation, measures to reduce cavitation damage, effect of air content, air entrainment on chutes, air detrainment process and aerator spacing. Based on previous studies, a summary is given which outline the progress have made and the difficulties for further research. It can be used as guideline for further research, optimum design of chute aerator and cavitation protection.