中国工业R&D产出弹性测算(1993—2002)

Measurement on R&D Output Elasticity of China’s Industrial Sector

本文运用1993-2002年中国大中型工业企业的行业面板数据对R＆D产出弹性进行了测算。在扩展的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数基础上，在估算各工业R＆D资本存量、校正R＆D双重计算问题后，通过混合OLS、固定效应法和一阶差分法等不同的估计方法进行估计，本文发现中国大中型工业企业的R＆D产出弹性约为0．1—0．3。研究还发现，R＆D产出弹性还取决于技术机会、企业规模、产权结构等特定的约束条件；技术水平较高、企业规模较大、国有产权比重较低的产业中，R＆D产出弹性较大；而在国有产权比重较高的产业中，R＆D对生产率没有促进作用。

The paper estimates the elasticity of output with respect to R＆D by using the panel data on Chinese industries during 1993-2002. Based on the expanded C-D production function, calculating R＆D capital stock and revising R＆D double counting problem, we find that R＆D output elasticity is approximately 0.1-0.3 through different regress models including pooled OLS, fixed effects and first difference. We also find that the contribution of R＆D to productivity also depends on some constraints such as technical opportunity, firm size and ownership structure： There have bigger R＆D output elasticity when the industries have higher technical level, bigger firm size and lower state-owned ownership, while R＆D have no positive effects on output when state-owned ownership is high in industries.