贫困按要素分解:方法与例证

Poverty Accounting by Factor Components:Methods and an Empirical Illustration Using Rural Chinese Data

本文构建了两个贫困分解框架，一个用于分解贫困的水平，另一个用于分解贫困的变化，这两个方法的独特之处是建立了贫困与生产要素（即资源禀赋）总量及其分配之间的数量关系。具体地说，一个给定的贫困发生率可以被分解为要素或资源短缺的贡献，外加要素分配不均等的贡献。贫困发生率的变化则可分解为由要素的水平变化引起的，或由要素的不均等分配变化引起的。将这两种分解方法用于中国农村的数据，我们发现要素的不均等分配雨非资源短缺是导致贫困和贫困变化的主要原因。

In this paper, we develop two poverty accounting frameworks： one for decomposing a poverty level and the other for decomposing poverty changes. A distinctive feature of the proposed decompositions is that they formally establish linkages between poverty or poverty changes with resource inputs and distributions of these inputs. To be more precise, agiven level of poverty can be attributed to the contributions of resource shortage and/or unequal distributions of these resources. Conversely, a poverty change can be attributed to the contributions of changes in input usages and of changes in the distributions of inputs. When applied to a data set from rural China, it is found that unequal distributions of resources rather than resource endowments are mainly responsible for the existing poverty and changes in poverty.