低出生体重儿学龄期体格发育的随访研究

Follow-up study on growth and development status in school-age children with low birth weight

[目的]了解6～12岁低出生体重儿童体格发育状况和营养状况，并探讨低出生体重对早产儿和足月小样儿学龄期生长发育的影响。[方法]采用出生队列结合巢氏病例对照方法，铜陵市某医院于2006年6月对1994年6月-2000年6月间建立的出生队列随访了101例出生体重低于2500g的单胎低出生体重儿作为研究对象的观察组，按照1：1匹配在同队列中选择对照。通过问卷调查研究对象的人1：3统计学特征及家庭环境状况，测量身高、体重等指标评价其6～12岁生长发育状况。[结果]直至学龄期足月小样儿的身高、体重和坐高均落后于同龄儿童，且中度和轻度营养不良的发生率也较早产低体重组高。早产低出生体重儿童体重和胸围的发育也较同龄足月正常出生体重儿童低。[结论]早产低出生体重儿和足月小样儿可能具有不同的生长潜能；加强孕期营养和保健，开展针对低出生体重儿生命早期干预，对改善儿童生长发育状况具有积极意义。

[Objective] To explore the growth and development status of children with low birth weight for 6-to 12- year-old. [Methods] One hundred and one children whose birth weight lower than 2 500 g were followed up from birth cohorts that had been built from the June 1994 to June 2000 by nested case-control study. Meanwhile, 101 normal birth weight （NBW） controls matched 1 ： 1 by sex, age and resident district in the cohort. Children＇s demographic characteristics and family background were collected by questionnaires and height, weight, sitting height and chest circumference for school age children were measured to evaluate their growth and development status. [ Results] Growth indicators of height, weight, and sitting height among 6-12 years of age children in term low birth weight group were significant lower than those of the control group, and prevalence of malnutrition was also higher than that of the preterm children with low birth weight. Preterm children with low birth weight were lagged behind than the NBW group in weight and chest circum- ference. [Conclusions] There are potential difference of growth development in groups of low birth weight preterm and mature low birth weight, so it is positive to strengthen early intervention in childhood growth and development for school- age children with LBW.