运动时补液对老年人免疫功能的影响

Effects of fluid intake on immunity-function during exercise of different duration in the elderly

目的 观察不同时间运动时服用不同饮料对老年人免疫功能的影响。方法 99名健康的老年女性教师（60～64岁）被随机分为运动对照组（A组）、运动补凉开水组（B组）、运动补佳得乐组（C组）（其中每组又各分为20min组、40min组和60min组，即A20组、A40组、A60组，B20组、B40组、B60组，C20组、C40组、C60组）。运动对照组运动前、运动中均不补液，运动补液组运动前、运动中补凉开水或佳得乐饮料，分别检测各组运动前后血清中的IgA，IgG，IgM，CD3^＋，CD57^＋（NK细胞），CD4^＋，CD8^＋及CD4^＋／CD8^＋细胞比值。结果 ①20min各组的各指标运动前后变化均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；②40min各组的CD57^＋运动后均有显著性升高（P〈0．05），而IgG，IgM，CD3^＋只有C40组有显著性升高（P〈0．05）；③A60组与B60组的CD3^＋，CD57^＋运动后即刻有下降趋势，其中A60组有显著性差异（P〈0．05），而C60组仍略有升高；④运动后即刻，A40组与B40组的CD4^＋／CD8^＋细胞比值略有上升，A60组与B60组却分别下降15．28％（P〈0．01）及7．31％（P〈0．05），而C40组和C60组均显著高于运动前水平（P〈0．05）。结论 不适宜的运动量及运动中的脱水和电解质的丢失将有可能引起老人免疫功能下降，但运动中补充液体特别是合适量电解质的饮料可以维持甚至改善运动中的免疫功能。

Objective To observe the effects of fluid intake during exercise of different duration on the elders＇ immunity-function. Methods Ninty-nine female teachers （60-64 years old） were randomly divided into exercise control group and two exercise fluid intake groups with 33 subjects in each group （ each group was divided into 20 min group,40 min group,60 min group with 11 subjects in each sub-group）. Exercise group didn＇t take fluid before exercise and during exercise;Exercise fluid intake groups were supplied with cool water or ＂Gatorade＂ drinks before and during exercise. IgA, IgG, IgM, CD3^＋ , CD57^＋ , CD4^＋ , CD8^＋ and CD4^＋/CD8^＋ were determined in each group before and after exercise immediately. Results ① Each index of 20 min groups and IgA of all groups were not obviously changed immediately after exercise; ②CD 57^＋ of 40 min all groups were obviously increased （P 〈 0.05 ）, but only IgA, IgM, CD3^＋ of C40 group were evidently increased （ P 〈 0. 05 ） immediately after exercise ; ③ CD3^＋ , CD57^＋ of A60 group were obviously decreased （ P 〈 0. 05）,but above indexes of C60 group were still slightly increased （P 〉 0.05） immediately after exercise; ④ CD4^＋/ CD8^＋ of A40 group and B40 group were slightly increased and CD4^＋/ CD8^＋ of A60 group and B60 group descended by 15.28 % （ P 〈 0. 01 ） and 7.31% （ P 〈 0. 05 ） respectively, but CD4^＋/CD8^＋ of C40 group and C60 group were still obviously increased （P 〈 0. 05） immediately after exercise. Conclusions Unsuitable exercise-time and Weight-loss and saline-loss in the middle of exercise might cause negative influence on the elderly＇s immunity-function, but fluid intake （ especially beverage with glucose and saline ）could improve the elderly＇s immunity-function during exercise.