洞穴形态量计解析

Analysis on morphometry of caves

洞穴形态量计的最基本参数是长度、深度、高度和坡度,借助洞穴专业软件可进行洞穴的投影面积、洞道空间体积、洞道极点投影面积、洞道极点岩体体积等其它基本参数的量计,以及洞穴扩展参数包括洞道的比容积、网密度、面密度和体密度的量计。利用这些形态参数,可以对洞穴进行更科学的统计、形态特征分析、开发利用价值评估。通过选取深峰丛洼地区、中等深度峰丛洼地区和浅峰丛洼地区以及峰林平原区的地下河洞穴进行量计,并对量计结果进行相关分析,发现洞穴的比容积与洞穴的流域面积、石峰的相对高度具有良好的正相关性,而洞穴的网密度、面密度,尤其体密度与洞穴深度有着明显的负相关性。

The basic parameters for morphometry of caves are their length, depth, height and inclination, and the cave floor area, passage volume, surface area and enclosed volume as well as average size of cave pas- sage, cave passage network density, cave areal coverage （density）, cave porosity can be derived from basic cave measurements and from cave field and block measurement by specific cave survey software. Depending on these parameters, scientific statistics of caves, analysis on the speleogenetics and morphometry and evalu- ation on cave exploitation could be done. Making a morphometry of caves developed in cone karst areas with different pinnacle heights and that in tower karst area, through analyzing their measurements it is found that the average size of cave passages have good relativity with their drainage area and pinnacle heights, and the cave passage network density, the cave areal coverage （density）, and that cave porosity have obviously inverse relativity with the depth of the caves.